{"id":176881,"date":"2016-12-28T00:45:29","date_gmt":"2016-12-27T21:45:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=176881\/"},"modified":"2016-12-28T00:45:29","modified_gmt":"2016-12-27T21:45:29","slug":"la-costumbre-de-los-judios-de-aleppo-siria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/la-costumbre-de-los-judios-de-aleppo-siria\/","title":{"rendered":"La costumbre de los jud\u00edos de Aleppo, Siria"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lead\">La tradici\u00f3n de muchas familias de Aleppo (=J\u00e1lab), Siria, es encender una vela adicional adem\u00e1s de las velas que normalmente se encienden cada noche de Januc\u00e1. As\u00ed, la primera noche de Januc\u00e1 los jud\u00edos de la comunidades de Aleppo encienden tres velas: 1. la vela de Januc\u00e1, 2. el shamash o vela auxiliar y 3. una vela adicional. Esta noche, la cuarta noche de Januc\u00e1, encender\u00e1n cuatro velas, el Shamash y una vela adicional, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Ahora bien, no todos los jud\u00edos de Aleppo siguen esta tradici\u00f3n, sino solamente aquellas familias de Aleppo que remontan sus or\u00edgenes a Espa\u00f1a. Me explico. Cuando los jud\u00edos fueron expulsados de Espa\u00f1a en 1492 (y de Portugal en 1497) escaparon a diferentes destinos. Algunos de ellos llegaron a Italia, Turqu\u00eda o Grecia. Otros, al norte de \u00c1frica: Marruecos, Argelia, T\u00fanez, Libia o Egipto. Muchos tambi\u00e9n llegaron a Israel y Siria.<br \/>\nEn la mayor\u00eda de las ciudades a las cuales llegaron los refugiados de Espa\u00f1a, llamados desde ese entonces \u00abSefaradim\u00bb (=espa\u00f1oles) ya exist\u00edan comunidades jud\u00edas locales establecidas desde mucho tiempo atr\u00e1s. Los Sefaradim se integraron a las comunidades ya existentes. Pero a\u00fan as\u00ed, conservaron sus antiguas costumbres y cultura durante siglos. En muchos casos, los Sefaradim llegaron a ser la mayor\u00eda, o la minor\u00eda dominante, y poco a poco los jud\u00edos locales (en los pa\u00edses \u00e1rabes a los jud\u00edos locales se los conoc\u00eda como musta&#8217;arabim) absorbieron las costumbres de los jud\u00edos \u00abespa\u00f1oles\u00bb y con el tiempo, ellos mismos se consideraron tambi\u00e9n \u00abSefaradim.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Durante varias d\u00e9cadas luego de la expulsi\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a, llegaron a Siria much\u00edsimas familias que proced\u00edan directamente de Espa\u00f1a o Portugal o que hab\u00edan llegado all\u00ed luego de estar alg\u00fan tiempo en el Norte de Africa, en Turqu\u00eda, en Egipto o incluso en Israel. El famoso viajero espa\u00f1ol, capit\u00e1n Domingo de Toral (1598-1640), escribi\u00f3 en sus memorias \u00abRelaci\u00f3n de la vida del capit\u00e1n Domingo de Toral y Vald\u00e9s\u00bb que visit\u00f3 Aleppo, Siria, en el a\u00f1o 1634 y que para su sorpresa hab\u00eda encontrado all\u00ed \u00abm\u00e1s de 800 familias de jud\u00edos que hablaban el castellano\u00bb .<\/p>\n<p>Ahora bien \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 esas familias que llegaron a Aleppo desde Espa\u00f1a adoptaron la costumbre de encender una vela extra?<\/p>\n<p>Los jud\u00edos Sefaradim que llegaron a Aleppo consideraron que haber llegado a su nuevo destino hab\u00eda sido todo un milagro. Los expulsados de Espa\u00f1a y Portugal, no menos de 300.000 jud\u00edos, se expusieron a todo tipo de peligros al viajar en el mar. En primer lugar, estaban totalmente indefensos, sin nada ni nadie que los protegiera, y a la merced de los capitanes de las peque\u00f1as embarcaciones y de su tripulaci\u00f3n. Embarcarse en un viaje al mar era una invitaci\u00f3n abierta a toda clase de abusos. Una vez que el barco abandonaba el puerto, la tripulaci\u00f3n pod\u00eda echar a los jud\u00edos al mar y quedarse con sus pertenencias. En muchos otros casos los jud\u00edos eran vendidos como esclavos. Y si milagrosamente el capit\u00e1n del barco cumpl\u00eda con su promesa y trataba de llevarlos al destino prometido, los viajeros todav\u00eda corr\u00edan el riesgo de ser atacados por piratas, morir de hambre, exponerse a tormentas que podr\u00edan hundir los fr\u00e1giles barcos y, lo peor, la siempre presente amenaza de enfermedades y epidemias. Todas esta tribulaciones reclamaron las vidas de decenas de miles de Yehudim. \u00bfRecuerdan la historia del rabino Isaac Caro? \u00c9l dej\u00f3 Portugal con destino a Israel. Nunca pudo llegar a Israel y al final termin\u00f3 en Turqu\u00eda. En ese terrible viaje, perdi\u00f3 su numerosa familia, esposa e hijos, con excepci\u00f3n de una sola hija&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Para comprender los riesgos y peligros que viv\u00edan aquellos Yehudim que se escapaban de las conversiones forzadas al cristianismo, huyendo en barcos, ver aqu\u00ed la tr\u00e1gica historia de rabbi Yehud\u00e1 Jayat, que nos lleg\u00f3 a trav\u00e9s de su autobiograf\u00eda en el libro \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05dc\u05d5\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea.<\/p>\n<p>Al haber llegado sanos y salvos a Aleppo, estas familias de jud\u00edos espa\u00f1oles decidieron recordar su historia y dar gracias a HaShem por su milagrosa salvaci\u00f3n. Y para hacer eso, decidieron encender una vela adicional cada noche de Januc\u00e1, ya que el primer contingente de refugiados de Espa\u00f1a hab\u00eda arribado a Aleppo durante Januc\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>(Vale la pena aclarar que, a diferencia de la mayor\u00eda de las Mitsvot en las cuales est\u00e1 prohibido hacer algo de m\u00e1s o agregar un elemento adicional (por ejemplo, no est\u00e1 permitido colocar 5 tsitsiot en un talit, etc.) la cantidad de velas que se prenden en Januc\u00e1 tiene un m\u00ednimo, una vela por noche, pero no tiene un m\u00e1ximo).<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Por: Rabino Yosef Bitton, colaborador de Unidos con Israel<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<non-auwi><ad-shortcode><div style=\"margin-top:20px;display:block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/G1S\/?a=uwi_es_art_bnr_atk\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"no-border\" style=\"padding:0;\" src=\"https:\/\/unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ad_890x100_es.jpg\" alt=\"Donate to Israel\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/ad-shortcode><\/non-auwi>\n<shortcode  style=\"display:block\" ><div class=\"cta-boxed\"><h2>Do You Love Israel? Make a Donation - Show Your Support!<\/h2><div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 260px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/shutterstock_1528562331.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"260\"><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><\/p><\/div><p><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Donate to vital charities<\/strong><\/a> that help protect Israeli citizens and inspire millions around the world to support Israel too! <\/p><p> Now more than ever, Israel needs your help to fight and win the war -- including on the battlefield of public opinion. <\/p><p> Antisemitism, anti-Israel bias and boycotts are out of control. Israel's enemies are inciting terror and violence against innocent Israelis and Jews around the world. <a href=\"https:\/\/donate.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Help us fight back!<\/strong><\/a>  <\/p> <p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\" target=\"_blank\">STAND WTH ISRAEL - MAKE A DONATION TODAY!<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/shortcode><non-auwi><ad-shortcode><div style=\"margin-top:20px;display:block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/G1S\/?a=uwi_es_art_bnr_atk\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"no-border\" style=\"padding:0;\" src=\"https:\/\/unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ad_890x100_es.jpg\" alt=\"Donate to Israel\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/ad-shortcode><\/non-auwi>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La tradici\u00f3n de muchas familias de Aleppo (=J\u00e1lab), Siria, es encender una vela adicional adem\u00e1s de las velas que normalmente se encienden cada noche de Januc\u00e1. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":176755,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[214],"tags":[26147,26149,26148],"class_list":["post-176881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-viviendo-la-tora","tag-aleppo","tag-aleppo-judios","tag-januca-en-aleppo"],"better_featured_image":{"id":176755,"alt_text":"chanukah 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