Yisrael Beytenu leader and former defense minister Avigdor Liberman also warned of what he called “the new Sunni alliance of Pakistan, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia."

The Mecca Joint Defense Agreement was formally signed on Aug. 7, 2026, by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif.