Among Americans with engaged contact with Israel, 91% reported feeling commonality with Israeli Jews, compared with 70% among those with distant contact and 42% among those with no contact.

Five lesser-known Jewish communities, the Mountain Jews, Kaifeng Jews, Bnei Israel, Karaites, and Anusim, reveal hidden histories that stretch far beyond Ashkenazi, Sephardic, and Mizrahi traditions.